Facial Comparsion
Overview
The identification of individuals from imagery is a fundamental form of evidence within the criminal justice system and is frequently subject to dispute. Facial comparison provides a structured and systematic approach to evaluating such evidence, involving the comparison of facial features observed in imagery with those of a known individual using a standardised feature set. An expert opinion is then provided on the proposition that the images depict the same person.
We conduct facial comparisons in accordance with the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) recommended methodology of morphological analysis, supported by guidance issued by the Forensic Science Regulator relating to evaluation and the mitigation of cognitive bias. While the method is structured and systematic, it retains an element of subjectivity due to the inherent limitations of digital imagery.
Appropriate safeguards are therefore implemented to minimise cognitive bias. These include context management procedures to prevent exposure to potentially biasing information, and the independent examination of the material by two practitioners.
Conclusions are reported using the likelihood ratio framework, which expresses the strength of the evidence as the ratio of the probability of the observations under the proposition that the images depict the same individual to the probability under the proposition that they depict different individuals.
Our approach
Types of cases
We undertake facial comparison across all sectors, including criminal and civil proceedings, family courts, and tribunals.
As our duty is to the court rather than the instructing party, we accept instructions from both prosecution and defence, and offer rates in line with those set by the Legal Aid Agency.
Types of recordings
We can perform facial comparison on people within all video recordings, regardless of the capture method or format, including:
CCTV video recordings
Mobile phone video recordings (from all models, including iPhone, Samsung, Nokia)
Body Worn Camera video recordings (for example, those worn by Police or Bailiffs)
Social media video recordings
Vehicle Dash Camera video recordings
Facial comparison is typically requested where the identification of an individual within digital imagery is disputed. Common scenarios include cases where a party believes the person depicted is a specific individual and seeks an independent expert opinion, where mistaken identity is alleged, or where the quality of the imagery is considered insufficient to support reliable identification.
Regardless of the reason for instruction, all examinations are conducted in a fully independent and impartial manner.
When facial comparison may be required
Expertise and validation
Our expertise in forensic facial comparison is supported by research presented at international conferences and advanced academic qualifications, including Master’s degrees in Media Forensics and Anthropology.
All experts undertake annual competency assessments for this activity and participate in periodic external proficiency testing. They have received formal training in report writing and courtroom presentation, ensuring that both written and oral evidence are delivered in a clear, structured, and professional manner appropriate to the relevant legal context.
While the underlying methodology is supported by peer-reviewed scientific research, facial comparison is not currently within the scope of the forensic unit’s accreditation and is therefore not compliant with the Forensic Science Regulator’s Code of Practice. This is clearly communicated within all reports, along with appropriate information to assist the end user in evaluating the weight and reliability of the evidence.
If you require forensic enhancement of digital video or images, please contact us to discuss the material and the questions requiring analysis.
Call: 0121 481 2981
Email: contact@verdenforensics.com